Sunday, September 4, 2022

Mariamne Magdalene

Mariamne is an unusual Greek form of the Hebrew name Miriam that Josephus uses a lot but never the New Testament (I don't currently know if it's ever in the LXX, Greek Apocrypha or Philo).  

It is most commonly associated in the study of Greco-Roman history with certain women of the Hasmonean and Herodian Dynasties, but Josephus does also use it of Miriam the Sister of Moses showing it is a form of the same name we today commonly know simply as Maria, Marie or Mary. 

The most famous Mariamne is the second wife of Herod who was also a Granddaughter of both sons of Alexander Janneus and Salome Alexandra, commonly designated Mariamne I.

Mariamne III is the designation commonly given to the youngest child of Aristobulus the first born son of Mariamne I.  Two of her siblings are unambiguously mentioned in the New Testament, Herodias who was married to Antipas when John The Baptist lost his head, and Herod Agrippa I in Acts 12.

We don't know anything for certain about Mariamne III's life besides that she existed and was named Mariamne.  If she was indeed the youngest child of Aristobolus then she was probably born between 10 and 7 BC, for timeline context 11 or 12 BC is the date I currently favor for the Nativity of Jesus.  This Mariamne could be the same Mariamne who Archelus was briefly married to in 6 AD but spurned for Glaphyra, but that's uncertain.  Either way she disappears from history after that.

Mary Magdalene is first introduced chronologically speaking in Luke 8
And it came to pass afterward, that he went throughout every city and village, preaching and shewing the glad tidings of the kingdom of God: and the twelve were with him, and certain women, which had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities, Mary called Magdalene, out of whom went seven devils, and Joanna the wife of Chuza Herod's steward, and Susanna, and many others, which ministered unto him of their substance.
Joanna's connection to the court of Herod Antipas has made some reading this passage speculate all three might have come from there.  At least two of Mariamne III's siblings were living in the court of Herod Antipas in the late 20s and early 30s AD, the same two mentioned above.

So I have developed a hunch that Mary Magdalene of The Bible and Mariamne III of Josephus are the same woman, just at different points in her life.

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